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The DCT, and in particular the DCT-II, is often used in signal and image processing, especially for lossy data compression, because it has a strong "energy compaction" property: most of the signal information tends to be concentrated in a few low-frequency components of the DCT, approaching the optimal Karhunen-Loeve transform for signals based on certain limits of Markov processes.
http://www.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?search=DCT&go=Go
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